This journal applies a two-level review. All submitted manuscripts will first undergo an editorial review. After passing this initial review stage, a single-blind review will be conducted. A review form will be provided to the reviewers.

Editorial Review

An editorial review is an initial assessment of the submitted manuscripts by the chief editor and the journal manager. This review focuses on the manuscript's suitability for the journal, including but not limited to its alignment with the journal's scope, formats, styles, sufficiency, and the level of similarity (Max. 20%) and amount of the AI-generated content (Max. 30%).

Single-blind Review

A single-blind review will be conducted on manuscripts passing the editorial review. The chief editor assigns a reviewer, an expert in the relevant field. The reviewer can identify the author's identity and affiliation, but the author cannot identify the reviewer. The review at this stage uses a review form provided by the journal. The reviewer will recommend whether to accept, revise, or reject the manuscript.

Revision will undergo another review round, involving the same reviewer, until the final decision is reached. The review cycle is shown below.

• Focus and scope: this focuses on whether the topic of the manuscript falls within the focus and scope of the journal.
• Novelty: this focuses on whether the topic is novel and can contribute to the larger body of knowledge.
• Methodological rigor: this focuses on whether the methods applied in the study are appropriate, valid, and rigorous.
• Literature: this focuses on whether the manuscript uses recent literature (e.g., the last 5 years).
• Citation and referencing: this focuses on whether the literature is appropriately cited and cited literature is listed in the reference section. Please be advised that the journal applies the APA 7th style.
• Format and style: this focuses on whether the manuscript is organized following the journal guidelines.
• Language: this focuses on whether the language used in the manuscript is comprehensible. Please be advised that grammatical mistakes are not tolerated.

These foci are included in the review form. Authors will be sent a copy of the form as a reference in the revision process.

Authors are encouraged to recommend a reviewer. The author-recommended reviewer must fulfill the following criteria:

• The reviewer's expertise is relevant to the topic of the manuscript, where their works are also cited.
• The reviewer's affiliation is different from the author's affiliation.
• The reviewer agrees to review the manuscript voluntarily.

When recommending a reviewer, the author sends the editor the reviewer's identity, including full name, email address, and affiliation. The journal does not apply a review fee, which should be informed to the recommended reviewer. In addition, the recommended reviewer will be listed as the journal reviewer.

These foci are included in the review form. Authors will be sent a copy of the form as a reference in the revision process.